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AN19.1-7 | Introduction to Back of Leg & Sole

Learning Objectives

  • After completing this module, you will be able to identify and describe the major muscles of the back of the leg — their attachments, nerve supply, and actions (AN19.1)
  • Trace the course, relations, and branches of the important nerves and vessels of the posterior leg including the tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery (AN19.2)
  • Explain the concept of the 'peripheral heart' and the calf muscle pump mechanism in venous return (AN19.3)
  • Describe the anatomical basis of calcaneal tendon rupture and apply the Thompson test clinically (AN19.4)
  • Explain the factors maintaining the arches of the foot and their functional significance (AN19.5)
  • Discuss the anatomical basis of flat foot (pes planus) and club foot (talipes equinovarus) (AN19.6)
  • Explain the anatomical basis of metatarsalgia and plantar fasciitis with Indian clinical contexts (AN19.7)

INSTRUCTIONS

Read through each section carefully. Bold terms are key vocabulary — understand their definitions before moving on. Attempt the Self-Check questions before revealing the answer. Spend time on the Clinical Pearls as these link anatomy to real ward presentations.

References