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AN8.1-4 | Features of individual bones (Upper Limb) — Glossary

Glossary — Features of individual bones (Upper Limb)

Key terms introduced in this module, in order of first appearance. Use this as a revision checklist.

Term	Where Introduced
determine side	Why This Matters
identify muscle attachments	Why This Matters
explain avascular necrosis	Why This Matters
localise nerve injuries	Why This Matters
long bones	What You Already Know
flat bones	What You Already Know
periosteum	What You Already Know
Processes	What You Already Know
fossae	What You Already Know
foramina	What You Already Know
epiphyseal plate	What You Already Know
clavicle	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
How to determine side:	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
medial (sternal) end	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
sternoclavicular joint	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
lateral (acromial) end	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
acromioclavicular joint	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
convex anteriorly	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
concave anteriorly	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
inferior surface	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
Subclavian groove	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
Conoid tubercle	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
trapezoid ridge	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
coracoclavicular ligament	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
Deltoid tubercle	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
Key muscle attachments:	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
Sternocleidomastoid	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
Trapezius	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
Deltoid	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
Pectoralis major	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
Subclavius	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
Clinical points:	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
medial fragment is pulled up by sternocleidomastoid	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
lateral fragment drops with the weight of the arm	The Clavicle — The Strut of the Shoulder
scapula	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
Surfaces and borders:	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
Costal (anterior) surface	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
subscapular fossa	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
subscapularis	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
Posterior (dorsal) surface	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
spine of the scapula	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
supraspinous fossa	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
supraspinatus	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
infraspinous fossa	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
infraspinatus	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
Three borders	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
three angles	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
Glenoid cavity	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
glenohumeral (shoulder) joint	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
Processes:	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
acromion	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
Coracoid process	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
biceps brachii	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
coracobrachialis	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
pectoralis minor	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
Key muscle attachments (posterior):	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
teres minor	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
serratus anterior	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
winging of scapula	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
coracoid points anteriorly	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
subscapular fossa (smooth concave surface) faces anteriorly	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
two fossae (rough) face posteriorly	The Scapula — The Mobile Platform
humerus	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Upper end:	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Head	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Anatomical neck	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Greater tubercle	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Lesser tubercle	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Bicipital (intertubercular) groove	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
long head of biceps tendon	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Surgical neck	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
axillary nerve	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
posterior circumflex humeral artery	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Shaft:	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Deltoid tuberosity	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Spiral groove (radial groove)	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
radial nerve	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
profunda brachii artery	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
wrist drop	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Nutrient foramen	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Lower end:	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Capitulum	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Trochlea	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Medial epicondyle	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
ulnar nerve	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Lateral epicondyle	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Olecranon fossa	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
coronoid fossa	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
radial fossa	The Humerus — Key Features and Clinical Grooves
Axillary radial nerve injury	Clinical Pearl: Radial Nerve in the Spiral Groove
Spiral groove	Clinical Pearl: Radial Nerve in the Spiral Groove
usually spared	Clinical Pearl: Radial Nerve in the Spiral Groove
Posterior interosseous nerve	Clinical Pearl: Radial Nerve in the Spiral Groove
radius	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
ulna	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
interosseous membrane	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
Radius:	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
Neck	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
Radial tuberosity	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
Shaft	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
pronator teres	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
anterior interosseous artery	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
Lower end	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
carpal articular surface	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
ulnar notch	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
dorsal tubercle (Lister's tubercle)	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
styloid process	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
Ulna:	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
Olecranon	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
triceps brachii	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
anconeus	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
bursa	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
Trochlear (semilunar) notch	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
Coronoid process	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
brachialis	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
Radial notch	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
Head of ulna	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
How to determine side (radius):	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
dorsal tubercle (Lister's)	Radius and Ulna — The Forearm Bones
The Carpal Bones (AN8.3)	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
8 carpal bones	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Proximal row	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Scaphoid	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
tubercle	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Lunate	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
dislocated	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Triquetrum	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Pisiform	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
sesamoid bone	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Distal row	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Trapezium	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
saddle joint of the thumb	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
ridge of the trapezium	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Trapezoid	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Capitate	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Hamate	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
hook (hamulus)	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Mnemonic (lateral to medial, proximal then distal):	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Peculiarities of the pisiform:	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
sesamoid	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
one articular facet	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
flexor retinaculum	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
abductor digiti minimi	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
flexor carpi ulnaris	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
lever arm	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Metacarpals and Phalanges:	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
5 metacarpals	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
Base	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
1st metacarpal	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
saddle joint	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
14 phalanges	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
ungual tuberosity	Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
scaphoid fracture	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
Mechanism:	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
waist	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
Why avascular necrosis occurs:	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
radial artery	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
distally	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
proximal pole	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
cuts off the blood supply to the proximal pole	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
avascular necrosis	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
non-union	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
wrist osteoarthritis	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
Clinical diagnosis:	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
anatomical snuffbox	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
normal in the first 10–14 days	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
Always treat as scaphoid fracture	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
scaphoid cast	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
MRI	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
Key teaching point for exams:	Clinical Pearl: Scaphoid Fracture and Avascular Necrosis (AN8.4)
Clavicle:	Key Takeaways — Features of Upper Limb Bones
Scapula:	Key Takeaways — Features of Upper Limb Bones
Humerus:	Key Takeaways — Features of Upper Limb Bones
Carpal bones:	Key Takeaways — Features of Upper Limb Bones
Hand:	Key Takeaways — Features of Upper Limb Bones

176 terms in this module