BI12.1-3 | Introduction to Xenobiotic, oxidative stress and antioxidants

INSTRUCTIONS

Work through this guide in two sessions of approximately 45 minutes each. Part 1 covers xenobiotic metabolism — the biochemical machinery your body uses to process drugs, pollutants, and foreign chemicals. Part 2 covers oxidative stress and antioxidant defense — how reactive oxygen species damage cells, and the elaborate enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems that protect against this damage. Pay special attention to the clinical connections: drug interactions via cytochrome P450, paracetamol toxicity, and the role of oxidative stress in diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancer. These are high-yield topics for both university examinations and clinical practice.