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BI7.1-2 | Introduction to Integration of Metabolism and Biological Oxidation

Learning Objectives

Describe the integration of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolic pathways and identify central metabolic hubs — Acetyl-CoA, pyruvate, and the TCA cycle (BI7.1)
Explain the metabolic adaptations during fed, fasting, and starvation states including hormonal regulation by insulin and glucagon (BI7.1)
Describe the electron transport chain — Complexes I through IV — and the role of oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor (BI7.2)
Explain the chemiosmotic theory of Peter Mitchell and the mechanism of ATP synthesis by ATP synthase (BI7.2)
Describe the concept of uncoupling, P:O ratio, and inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation with clinical correlates (BI7.2)

INSTRUCTIONS

This guide has three parts. Work through each part in sequence. Each part begins with a clinical hook, reviews prior knowledge, and builds new concepts with clinical correlations. Attempt the micro-quiz at the end of each part before checking the answer. Bold terms are key vocabulary — each is defined on first use.

References

Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 32nd ed., Ch 14-16: Bioenergetics, Biological Oxidation, The Respiratory Chain (textbook)
Stryer L et al. Biochemistry, 8th ed., Ch 18-20: Oxidative Phosphorylation, The Citric Acid Cycle (textbook)
DM Vasudevan. Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students, 9th ed., Ch 19-21: Biological Oxidation, Electron Transport Chain (textbook)
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 8th ed., Ch 19: Oxidative Phosphorylation (textbook)
NMC CBUC 2024 — Competencies BI7.1, BI7.2 (curriculum)