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MI10.1-5 | Healthcare-Associated Infections — Practice Quiz
Practice
10 questions · Untimed · Unlimited attempts
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A patient admitted for an elective knee replacement develops a fever and purulent discharge from the wound on day 5 post-operatively. The wound culture grows Staphylococcus aureus. Which of the following BEST classifies this infection?
A
Community-acquired infection because S. aureus is a common environmental organism
B
Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) because it occurred ≥48 hours after admission
✓
C
Incubating community infection because it involves the surgical site
D
Colonisation, not infection, because wound discharge can be normal post-operatively
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Which of the following is the MOST common causative agent of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) in Indian ICUs?
A
Staphylococcus aureus
B
Escherichia coli
✓
C
Candida albicans
D
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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A nurse is caring for a patient on mechanical ventilation. According to the WHO '5 Moments of Hand Hygiene', at which moment is hand hygiene MOST critically required to prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)?
A
After touching the patient's bed linen
B
Before performing tracheal suctioning
✓
C
After removing gloves used for routine examination
D
After touching the ventilator equipment
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A patient is admitted with profuse watery diarrhoea after a 10-day course of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Stool enzyme immunoassay is positive for toxin A/B. Which transmission-based precaution is MOST appropriate?
A
Droplet precautions and surgical mask
B
Contact precautions with soap-and-water hand hygiene
✓
C
Airborne precautions with N95 respirator
D
Standard precautions with alcohol-based hand rub
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During a procedure that involves anticipated blood splash to the face, which combination of PPE represents the MINIMUM standard precautions requirement?
A
Gloves and surgical mask only
B
Gloves, gown, surgical mask, and eye protection (goggles or face shield)
✓
C
Gloves and N95 respirator only
D
Gown and surgical mask only
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A healthcare worker sustains a needle-stick injury with a hollow-bore needle from an HIV-positive patient. What is the FIRST action to take immediately after the injury?
A
Immediately start post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with antiretroviral drugs
B
Squeeze the wound to encourage bleeding, then wash with soap and water for 10 minutes
✓
C
Apply 70% alcohol swab to the wound immediately
D
Suck the wound to remove contaminated blood
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According to the BMW Management Rules 2016 (India), used sharps and needles should be discarded into which container?
A
Yellow bag — incinerable waste
B
White translucent puncture-proof container — sharps
✓
C
Red bag — recyclable contaminated plastic
D
Blue/black bag — general solid waste
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Which method is used to assess microbial air contamination in hospital wards for environmental surveillance?
A
MPN (Most Probable Number) technique
B
Settle plate method (passive air sampling) using blood agar plates
✓
C
Membrane filtration technique
D
Most probable number method with multiple tube fermentation
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Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which MRSA develops methicillin resistance?
A
Production of beta-lactamase enzyme that hydrolyses methicillin
B
Acquisition of mecA gene encoding PBP2a, a penicillin-binding protein with low affinity for beta-lactams
✓
C
Efflux pump upregulation that pumps methicillin out of the bacterial cell
D
Outer membrane porin loss reducing methicillin uptake
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Which of the following pathogens belongs to the 'ESKAPE' group and produces NDM-1 (New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase)?
A
Staphylococcus aureus
B
Klebsiella pneumoniae
✓
C
Clostridioides difficile
D
Enterococcus faecalis
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