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AN59.1-4 | Introduction to Pons
Learning Objectives
- Identify the external features of the pons (AN59.1)
- Draw and label transverse sections of the pons at upper and lower levels (AN59.2)
- Describe cranial nerve nuclei in the pons with their functional groups (AN59.3)
- Describe the anatomical basis of pontine clinical conditions: locked-in syndrome, pontine haemorrhage, Foville, Raymond, and Millard-Gubler syndromes (AN59.4)
INSTRUCTIONS
The pons is divided into a ventral (basis pontis) and dorsal (pontine tegmentum) part. Learn them separately, then integrate the cranial nerve nuclei and tracts to understand the clinical syndromes.
References
- BD Chaurasia's Human Anatomy, Vol. 3 — Head, Neck & Brain (Textbook)
- Inderbir Singh's Human Neuroanatomy (Textbook)
- Snell's Clinical Neuroanatomy (Textbook)
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